Brick and tile kiln



(NoModeL) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

. W. A. EUDALY.

BRICK AND TILE KILN.

110.295.7411; Patented Mar. 25,1884.

(No Model.) j 2 Shts-Sheet 2.

Y W. A. EU'DALY BRIGK'AND TILE KILN.

910,295,744. Patexited EL-n25,- 1884.

Iwven'ozfl' JFK UNlTE D STATES ATENT Erica;

WILLIAM A. EUDALY, on cINoINNA'rI, OHIO.

BRICK AND TILE KILN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 295,744, dated March 25, 1884. Application filed January 31, 1 884. (No model.)

To all whom, it mayconcern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM A. EUnALY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Oincinnati, in the county of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Brick and Tile Kilns, of which the following is a specificatiomreference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

My invention relates to kilns for burning brick, tile, and other ceramic products, and has for its object the equal distribution of the heat 'in the kiln and more economy of fuel and labor than has yet been attained.

I 5 My invention consists in providing thelower portion of the kiln and floor with a number of compartments, each of which is connected with a smoke chimney or flue situated inthe walls or at the sides of. the kiln and extend 2o ing to the top of the same, said. chimneys being adapted to be closed at the top or sides by dampers, or by a tile placed on the top.

My invention consists, further, in providing a kiln with one or more heat-distributing 2 5 chambers situated inside of the kiln, and extending from the floor through and to the top of the wares to be burned, said distributingchambers being closed at the bottom and provided with a number of I small apertures. 0 Myinvention consists, further, in providing a kiln with a number of furnaces of peculiar construction and design, in which the heat for the kiln is generated; also, in providing a kilnwall with flaring-mouthed openings or eyes,

' 3 5 which serve the purpose of connecting the furnaces with fire-bags inside the kiln.

My invention consists, further, in providing the kiln-wall with air-chambers situated at the sides of the months or eyes of the kiln, and 0 connected with the same by means of air-paswsages Said air-chambers are also connected with the external air by flues or ducts adapted to be controlled by dampers.

My invention consists, further, in certain details of construction, which will bemore fully hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims. 1

Figure l is a horizontal sectional view of my improved kiln, taken on the line x w of Fig. 4. Fig. 2 is a similar view of a square,

kiln embodyingsthe principles of my invention, and showing aseries of heat-distributing chambers. Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view taken on the line m w of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a similar View taken on the line g y of Fig. 1.

F F are the furnaces, located outside of the M wall WV, and opening into the kiln by means of eyes or throats of peculiar construction, as will more fully appear. The portion of the wall W which forms the eye of the furnace m is made oval, as shown, so that the volume of gases are condensed or compacted at the center of the throat or eye, after which the products of combustion are permitted to expand into the fire bags or flues by reason of the flaring form of said throat. while the products of combustion are expanding into the fire-bags, the heated air from the air-chambers a, located in the walls W, is permitted to enter the throat or eye in through the perforations 'v and mingle with the gases, and thus insure a complete combustion of the same. The air-chambers a communicate with the external air by means of flues c, which extend longitudinally through the walls of the furnace, and by which means the air is heated in its passage through said flues.

B B are fire bags or flues located near the I section. These fire-bags extend upward to At this point, and l within a short distance of the arch of the roof,

and are providedwith openings,through which the heat is distributed into the mass of brick or tile within the kiln.

s s are solid walls of masonry onwhich the fire.- bags are supported, and extend from the throat of the furnace to the mass of masonryA, which supports the walls of the distributing chamber or chambers O. The walls 8 s are built up from the ground to and through the floor of the kiln a short distance up into the kiln proper, so as to form a 10W partition-wall, extending from the fire-bags to the distributing-chamber or center of the kiln, and in this way divide the lower portion of the kiln into sections or compartments 11. Between the walls of masonry s s is laid an'open floor of brick or tile,

- a l I 295,744

. The partitionwvalls s 8 being higher than the floor-level, the heated air is caused to rise up into the kiln and pass through the lower portion of the wares before entering an adjoining compartment. In this way, when it is found that one or more parts of the kiln areburning too fast, the heat can be drawn off to other portions, and thus insure'a more uniform burning, color, and hardness of the wares.

O O are the heat-distributing chambers, the walls of which are supported by the mass of masonry A, which also forms the bottom of the same. The chambers O O extend upward to within ashort distance of the roof, and are provided with a series ofope11ings,z',through which the products of combustion pass and are distributed evenly throughout the mass of bricks to be burned. Any number of these distributing-chambers may be employed and their location within the kiln be varied but I prefer to place them as near the center of the kiln as possible, as this arrangement gives the best results and distributes the heat more uniformly throughout the mass of bricks to be burned. It will be noticed that the volume of heat which does not enter the kiln through the openings in the fire-bags B is carried upward to the arch of the roof. The various currents from the difierent furnaces meet over the distributing chamber or chambers O, and are deflected downward into said chambers. The distributing-chambers,being closed at the bottom and provided with numerous apertures in their sides, permit the heat to pass out on all sides and be evenly distributed through the mass of brick, as before stated.

The'operation of my kiln is as follows: The fires being started in the furnaces, the kiln is left open at the top and bottom until it is thoroughly water-smoked; then the tops are closed, leaving the chimneys open. The fuel in the furnaces is supplied with air from the ash-pit and air-chambers at the sides of the fire-box. The rising products of combustion are drawn to the center and downward through the flaring-mouthed openings or eyes in the kiln-walk In passing through said eyes they are supplied with hot air from the air-chainber in the kiln-wall, which insures complete combustion. The heated air is then taken up the sides of the kiln by means of the fire-bags, the sides of which are provided with a number of openings, thus allowing a portion of the heat toenter the wares beforepassingto the top of thekiln. The heat passing upward through the fire-bags to the top of the-kiln is drawn downward partially through the wares the sides of the fire-bags and the distributingehamber, the wares in the top of the kiln are relieved from the great heat to which they are exposed in other kilns, it being carried directly into the middle and lower parts of thekiln, thus insuring a moreuniform burning than has heretofore been attained. Should the burner at any time find any part of his kiln burning faster than other parts, which is often the case, the damper at the side or top of the chimneys leading from that portion can be closed and the heat driven to any desired 10- cality in the kiln. This insures uniformity of burning.

In patent to Culbertson and Eudaly, No. 281,029, of July 10, 1883, the air-chambers which supply heated air to effect the combustion of the gases are located within the walls of the furnace and out from the eye of the kiln; but by this construction much heat is lost. I obviate this by placing the air-chambers Within the walls of the kiln, so that the heat of the kiln is utilized in heating the air and complete combustion of the'gases takes place as they pass into the kiln. I

Having thus described my invention and the best means at present known to me for operating the same, I do not wish to be confined strictly to the construction indicated in the drawings and specification, as the same principles may be applied in various ways within wide limits.

I claim as my invention- 1. In a kiln for burning bricks, tiles, &c., a heat-distributing chamber or chambers, 0, located within the kiln, closed at the bottom, and provided with aseries of apertures, as and for the purpose set forth.

2. A kiln forburning bricks, tiles, 850., provi ded with one or more heat-distributing chambers, 0, located within the kiln and closed at the bottom, and with a furnace or series of furnaces having fireb'ags, substantially such as described, whereby a large portion of the heatis carried upward and then downward and distributed to the bricks in the center of the kiln, as set forth.

3. A brick-kiln the floor of which is divided into compartments by walls of solid masonry, said compartments being provided with a perforated floor, under which is a net-work of fiues connecting each compartment separately with a chimney situatedin or at the sides of heat is made to rise from the floor-level before being distributed to other parts of the kiln.

5. A brick-kiln the walls of which are provided with air-chambers a, communicating 5 with the eye or throat of the furnace by ports or flues v, and with the external air by means of the fines v, as set forth.

6. In a brick-kiln, the combination of the furnace F and fire-bags B with the distribut- IO ing-chamber O, as and for the purposes set forth. i

7. In a brick-kiln, the combination of the furnaces F, fire-bags B, distributing-chamber 0 with the compartments H and chimneys I 5 c, as and for the purposes set forth.

O. A. NEALE, S. S. SINSEBAUGH. 

